| dc.description.abstract | Background: Exposure of cigarette smoke and genetic factors, IGF-
1 gene polymorphism, are believed to affect the incidence of end
stage renal disease (ESRD). But until now which is more influential on
ESRD events, whether external factors, exposure of cigarette smoke
or internal factors, IGF-1 gene polymorphism are unknown. Objective:
The purpose of this study is to find out which one has more influence
on the incidence ESRD whether external factors (exposure of cigarette
smoke) or internal factors (IGF-1 gene polymorphisms). Method: It was
done by academic literature reviews on the latest academic obtained
from primary and secondary literature sources, journals, thesis or
dissertation. The data and information are analized and synthesized,
be used to answer the problem. The results of the study are presented
in descriptive narrative and analytical. Results: The results showed
that exposure to both external factors and internal factors, cigarettes
smoke, IGF-1 gene polymorphisms, affect the ESRD incidence. Results
of observational studies showed that the incidence of smoking
increases the risk of ESRD. Data results of case-control studies of IGF-
1 gene polymorphism are also showing that an IGF-1 also increased
the incidence of ESRD. Data analysis of interaction between cigarette
smoke exposure with IGF-1 gene polymorphisms on the incidence ESRD showed that the effect of cigarette smoke exposure is greater
than the effect of IGF-1 gene polymorphisms. Conclusions: the effect
of smoke exposure on the incidence ESRD greater than IGF-1 gene
polymorphisms. | en_US |
