Objective: To identify and analyze the social demographic and the role of local leaders on the second-hand smoke protection in Yogyakarta City. Method : This study use mixed method research by using questionnaire, in depth interview and focus group discussion. The number of respondents are 171 which coming from 16 Residential area in Yogyakarta. Local leader was excluded from the respondent. Result and Discussion : The smoke free Residential area program is done using the provider of community oriented approach. Indeed, it is only 4 out of 15 residentials that receive community oriented approach. Most of community is participated in this programs included attending the programs socialization (28,7%), obeying the community agreement (21,1%), helping family member to obey the agreement (11,7%), attending the declaration (9,9%), helping people to obey the agreement (7%), other(4,7%), as well as involving in the declaration committee (0,6%). There is a significant correlation between gender and role of local leader with community participation on second-hand smoke protection (p<O,005). Furthermore, role of local leader is the most significant detenninant of community participation (p0,0029, 0R’3,2). Recommendation: Community empowerment should involve local leader amongst the community. Thus, the community participation and program’s sustainability will be optimum.