Oil resources are very important for a country. For Nigeria, through the oil resources they are able to enhance the country’s development and economic growth. The contribution to the improvement of the economy through oil resources is not detached from the presence of oil companies who work closely together with the Federal Government of Nigeria through a joint venture. Since the presence of the oil industry in Niger Delta, the region has been becoming a veritable prone of conflict. This undergraduate thesis aims to analyze the effect of oil industrialization as the driven factor of the conflict and violence that happen in the Niger Delta by using relative deprivation theory. The data collected in this thesis are secondary data that obtained from books, journal article, conference reports, electronic source and website. This undergraduate thesis shows that the factors that driving the conflict and violence in Niger Delta were because the deprivation and grievance of Niger Delta people on economic conditions, the loss of land ownership, and also environmental degradation.