Indonesia as the sovereign state, which used the independent and active principle in conducting foreign policy, has made a long history in interact with other countries. Since the first president of Indonesia, the principle of independent and active still implemented until today, even with several development in a certain sector. Military cooperation becomes one of the sectors which have a significant influence towards the military power of a certain country. The strategic partner of Indonesia is various and has their own development. For a country that considered has a strong military power such as U.S. and Russia also included as a strategic partner of Indonesia. In 1999 until 2005, the arms embargo from U.S. to Indonesia due to the human rights violations in East Timor in 1991. This condition makes the military power of Indonesia decreased significantly. In other side, Indonesia decides to cooperate with Russia in military cooperation even if since the tragedy of 65, their bilateral relations are getting passive. This undergraduate thesis is aimed to examining the factors and reasons of Indonesia, which decide to cooperate with Russia in military cooperation.