Background: Type 1 (asthma bronchiale and allergic rhinitis) hypersensitive incident is increasing with also increasing numbers of caesarean section recently. Birth Cohort studies on many developed countries have shown a significant correlation between caesarean section with asthma bronchiale and allergic rhinitis. This study is required to understand the correlation between section caesarean and type 1 hypersensitivity (asthma bronchiale and allergic rhinitis) among primary and secondary school students in Yogyakarta city. Methods: A case control study that included 3211 children, male and female primary and secondary school students on Muhammadiyah School of Yogyakarta, at age 7-15 years. We obtained 334 case (on children diagnosed asthma bronchiale and allergic rhinitis) and 2877 data control (on children without any history of asthma bronchiale and allergic rhinitis). A numbers of 58 data on case group and 871 data on control group have been excluded. Demographic data, for example exclusive ASI, perinatal antibiotic, allergy history on both parents, and birth method were obtained from questionnaire papers, filled by the parents. Results: Ratio of male student and female student in this research is 1:1,2. 305 children (13,4%) were born via cesarean and the other 1977 children (86.6%) were born via pervaginam. Caesarean section incident are significantly related with type 1 hypersensitivity (asthma bronchiale and allergic rhinitis) incident on male and female student on primary and secondary school of Muhammdaiyah in Yogyakarta city (OR = 1,56 [95% CI 1,12-2,17], p = 0,008). There are no significant correlation between caesarean section incident with type 1 hypersensitivity (asthma bronchiale and allergic rhinitis) on male and female student on primary and secondary school of Muhammadiyah in Yogyakarta city (OR = 0,85 [95% CI 0,48- 1,51], p = 0,58), if the type 1 hypersensitivity (asthma bronchiale and allergic rhinitis) history on both parents are treated as excluded criteria. Conclusions: There was significant correlation between section cesarean incident with type 1 hypersensitivity incident on male and female student on primary and secondary school of Muhammadiyah in Yogyakarta city, provided that one or both parents of the student have a type 1 hypersensitivity history (asthma bronchiale and allergic rhinitis).