The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness and efficiency of the distribution of rubber raw material and its market structure. Descriptive survey method was used in this research. Respondents were farmers, both middlemen and wholesalers of rubber raw material. As many as 62 sample of rubber farmer were determined by stratified random sampling method proportionally based on sub district. Through this method, 28 farmers of Sukakarya Sub District as representatif of Java Etnis and 34 farmer of Muara Beliti Subdistrict as representatif Native Etnis of Musi Rawas District were chosen. Whereas of 8 middlemen and 2 wholesalers were chosen by snowballing method. The data were analyzed by using Mathematical model for calculating of marketing margin, distribution margin, and market share, and herfindahl-Hirschman index model were used to analyze market structure. The result showed that the distribution of the market in Sukakarya Sub District was not effective or efficient, the market structure was oligopsonistic. Contrariwise, the distribution of the market in Muara Beliti tend to effective and efficient, with the market structure was monopsonistic.