In Indonesia, carbamazepine has been permitted by The National Agency of Drug and Food Control Indonesia (NA-DFC) for the prophylaxis of manic-depressive disorder unresponsive to lithium, all kinds of epilepsy (except petit mal), and trigeminal neuralgia. The use of this drug for neuropathic pain (excluding trigeminal neuralgia) has not yet been permitted by NA-DFC Indonesia. This study investigated the use of carbamazepine for neuropathic pain in several hospitals in Yogyakarta. The study was conducted through an observational study with retrospective data collection. Data were obtained from Dr. Sardjito Hospital, UGM Academic Hospital, PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Hospital, and Bethesda Hospital. Identification of the use of carbamazepine is done by tracing through the medical records of patients prescribed with carbamazepine during 2014. The use of carbamazepine in 2014 were 704 prescriptions, which 453 prescriptions (64.35%) were prescribed for indications permitted by NA-DFC, 149 prescriptions (21.16%) for neuropathic pain, 83 prescriptions (11.78%) for nociceptive pain, and 19 prescriptions (2.70%) for other indications. Five major indications of carbamazepine prescription in neuropathy pain is for stroke 35 (23.49%) of 149 prescribing, painful diabetic neuropathy 25 (16.78%), cancer pain 18 (12.08%), herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) 12 (8.05%), and traumatic cerebral oedema 8 (5.37%). The use of carbamazepine for neuropathic pain in several hospitals in Yogyakarta was seen in 149 prescriptions (21.16%), with five major indications.