Mount Merapi is one of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia. Its eruptions have produced large amounts of sediment that have caused disasters in downstream areas. Sediment disaster mitigation has been introduced in the last 30 years to provide a high level of safety for local residents. Even so, some problems such as riverbank cutting have occurred, which have negative impacts on ecology. As a positive aspect, the deposited sediment has been widely used as a natural resource by local inhabitants. People tend to use the sediment as much as possible to support regional development. However, sediment mining can also have negative impacts on ecosystems and reduce the safety of river regulation efforts. Sediment disaster management using sabo works and sediment resource management through sustainable sand mining management are proposed for the upper mountain slopes taking into account the socioeconomic conditions, regional development, disaster reduction, and ecological issues. Sediment management using consolidation works is proposed for the downstream area as a countermeasure for riverbed degradation.