In response to an uncertain political situation, since 1998, Yoyakartans have engaged in resistance through groups called indigenous organizations. Such groups reproduce existing cultural resources as part of a broader movement to oppose democra- tization reforms that have been raised by the central government. Based on interviews, fieldwork and newspaper reports, this study finds that: (1) collec- tive identity can be understood in different ways from political and cultural perspectives, and indigenous groups are part of the “deep cultural resources” that establish collective identity; (2) such organizations use cultural resources in ways that conform to social movement theory; and (3) the existence of indig- enous groups contributes to shaping and reshaping the activities of the movements in which they participation. Keywords: social movement, collective identity, pro- test tactics, liberal democracy.