PENGARUH VARIASI TEKANAN PEMBRIKETAN ARANG TEMPURUNG KELAPA DENGAN PEREKAT TEPUNG KANJI MENGGUNAKAN METODE THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS (TGA) TERHADAP NILAI KAREKTERISTIK PEMBAKARAN BRIKET
Abstract
Energy plays an important role in the continuity of human life. The main energy sources for human are natural resources from fossils (oil, coal, and natural gas). Human’s dependency on fossil fuels, especially oil, leads to decreased fuel reserve today. The solution for the energy crisis issue in Indonesia is developing renewable alternative energies, including biomass. Biobriquette is a biomass which becomes alternative energy. The material is coconut shells which are generally not optimally utilized. Considering the suboptimal utilization of coconut shells, an idea emerged to process them into charcoal briquette to solve energy crisis in Indonesia. This research studied the effect of varying briquetting pressure on coconut shell charcoal with starch adhesive using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) method, and it was performed using proximate analysis. The materials were charred coconut shells with final temperature of 500°C. The charcoals were then crushed using blender to get powder which passes size 20 mesh, weighed 3 gram each, and mixed with 10% adhesive. The charcoal powder mixed with adhesive was then made into briquette at 200 kg/cm2, 250 kg/cm2, and 300 kg/cm2. The briquettes were solid cylinders with varying sizes.
The result of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the briquetting pressure of coconut shell biobriquette affected the combustion characteristics, including: lowering ITVM and BT values, and raising Length of Combustion, ITFC, PT and Activation Energy values. Base on the result of proximate analysis, bigger the briquetting pressure of coconut shell biobriquette would influence moisture content, lower fixed carbon content, and raise volatile matter content and ash content. The result of heat value test showed that high briquetting pressure raised the density of a briquette, reducing the moisture content of coconut shell biobriquette. Lower moisture content made it easier to ignite briquettes and produced higher heat.