Piracy and armed robbery is one of the threats in the contemporary Southeast Asian maritime area. Originally, it has long appeared in the region for centuries and its form has evolved. In the past, piracy was regarded to some native societies as a way of living yet conditionally illegitimate. Piracy and armed robbery in contemporary Southeast Asia began to be significant in late 20 significant rises occurred after the Asian Financial Crisis and entering the 21 century, then began to decrease since 2003. This is because piracy and armed robbery are regarded as completely illegitimate which led to the rise of awareness in fighting against it. However, in 2010, the number of piracy and armed robbery in the region significantly increased due to the shift of focus of global economy to Southeast Asia and the appearance of a more organized group of pirates. The contemporary piracy and armed robbery vary from petty thieves or Asian pirates who are after small amount of money or goods, to organized syndicates of pirates who are armed with guns and equipped with plans. The impacts of piracy and armed robbery revolve not only around economic and social issues, but also political and environmental issues. It could cause loss of life, threaten the economy, raise political tension for the countries related to the occurrence and could also lead into environmental degradation.