This thesis tries to explain about the South Kuril Island dispute resolution efforts that occurred between Russia and Japan. In carrying out bilateral relations between countries, each country certainly has a purpose to reach the ideals of a country. The national interests of Russia and Japan in defending South Kuril Island also play an important role in the dispute resolution process. Thus, the present preventive diplomacy as a tool in mediation in islands that occurred between Russia and Japan. it is due to issues that could potentially be a conflict or war. This study uses a framework concept of National Interest by Jack C. Plano and Olton Roy and Preventive Diplomacy concept by Roy S.L.