GAMBARAN GEJALA KLINIS TUBERKULOSIS PARU ANAK BERDASARKAN USIA DI RS PANEMBAHAN SENOPATI
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an air-borne disease caused by infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is diagnosed by the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the patient's sputum, gastric lavage, cerebrospinal fluid, pleural fluid, or tissue biopsy. In children, it is known to be difficult to have exact diagnosis of tuberculosis due to the low number of bacteria (paucibacillary) and difficulties in acquiring the specimens for the tests.
Aim: To know the overview of clinical symptoms present in pediatric TB patients according to age in Panembahan Senopati Hospital.
Method: This is a retrospective descriptive study with cross sectional approach. The aim of this study is to know clinical symptoms present in pediatric TB patients by studying their medical records of in Panembahan Senopati Hospital.
Results: This study used 60 medical records which were randomly chosen from the pediatric tuberculosis medical records from 2011 until 2015 in Panembahan Senopati Hospital. The results show that most of the pediatric TB patients are aged 0-5 years old (76.7%), followed by 6-10 years old (21.7%), and the least are from the group aged 11-14 (1.6%). From 0-5 year olds, 11.7% experienced weight loss, 61.7% with cough, 28.3% with fever, 41.7% with lymph node enlargement, and 13.3% with loss of appetite. From 6-10 year olds, 16.7% experience weight loss, 20% with cough, 1.7% with fever, 8.3% with lymph node enlargement, and 5% with loss of appetite. From 11-14 year olds, weight loss were experienced on the the second month, cough on first two months, fever on first month, lymph node enlargement on first 3 months, and loss of appetite on second and fourth month.
Conclusion: Not all pediatric TB patients show tuberculosis clinical symptoms. Overall, only 15% experience weight loss, 88.3% experienced cough, 31.7% experienced fever, 51.7% experienced lymph node enlargement and 16.7% experienced loss of appetite.