This research aims to determine the factors that affect the production of red ul-land rice and determine efficiency use of factors production of red ul-land rice in balong village Girisubo Subdistrict, Regency of Gunungkidul. Research is located in Balong Village, Girisubo Sub-District, Regency of Gunungkidul using purposive and the determination of the sample of farmers using census that was the monoculture farming of red ul-land rice that were As much as 14 respondents were taken from the Widoro hamlet and 43 respondents from the Ngrombo I hamlet. The data were obtained using interviews by using a questionnaire. The data were analyzed by using production fungtion and efficiency analysis. Analysis production factor cobb douglass shows is that all production factor used like land, seed, fertilizer Urea, fertilizer TSP, manure and the labor are significant to the production of red ul-land rice. Whereas in partial of the production factor of land, manure and the labor are significant to the production of red ul-land rice Efficiency analysis shows that the use of production land factornot efficient and the use need to be add while factor manure efficient