Background: Nosocomial infection is a major cause of mortality and morbidity of 22.4-52.4%. Compliance hand washing (hand hygiene) can reduce the development of nasocomial infections. High level of knowledge and good attitude will provide benefits in the implementation of hand hygiene. Emergencies can be considered as critical conditions for hand hygiene adherence. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of hand hygiene knowledge and attitude on the compliance of hand hygiene health workers in emergency departments. Subjects and methods: The research method uses a mix method with a cross sectional approach. The number of samples is 50 people. Results: The average health worker in the ED had moderate knowledge about hand hygiene (73.44%), moderate hand hygiene attitude (64.6%) and low hand hygiene compliance (42%). Pearson correlation test states there is no influence between knowledge of hand hygiene compliance with a P value of 0.703 (P> 0.05) and no effect between attitudes towards hand hygiene compliance P value of 0.686 (P> 0.05). Sig F change of 0.901> 0.05 there was no significant relationship between knowledge and attitude with hand hygiene compliance. Conclusion: There was no influence between hand hygiene knowledge and hand hygiene attitude towards compliance of health workers hand hygiene in the emergency room due to inhibiting factors such as crowded conditions, emergency conditions and lack of awareness of health workers to wash their hands.