The phenomenon of the low performance of many lecturers in Indonesian universities led to the initiation of several universities to develop a performance measurement system for lecturer (SPKD). Until now, a research that examines the impact of implementing SPKD on the performance of the lecturer itself is very difficult to be found. Therefore, this study aims to empirically examine the effect of SPKD implementation and role clarity on performance of lecturers. Testing of role clarity as mediating variable is also attempted. Using 203 data from questionnaires to lecturers at leading private universities in Indonesia (“excellent” accredited and those with internationalization programs), we tested the hypothesis using the Partial Least Square (PLS) approach. The results reveal that the implementation of SPKD and role clarity significantly has positive effect on lecturers’ performance. In addition, this study also concluded that role clarity also has a role as a mediating variable.