This article aims at analyzing Indonesia's interest in winning a series of biodiesel disputes against the EU, which formally entered the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) at the World Trade Organization in 2014 (DS480) and in 2019 (DS593). This article has explored to what extent Indonesia could defend its political-economic interest by providing the necessary evidence to the Panel. The logic of the neoliberal institutionalist framework, which does not believe in the harmony of interest, allows an in-depth analysis of why Indonesia pursues institutional mechanisms within its litigation approach. This research argues that the WTO is perceived as the enabling factor to defend Indonesia's interest where resource nationalism justifies the state's capacity to play an increasingly complex and pervasive role that otherwise private sectors could not have done. Legal procedures provided in the WTO system align with Indonesia's interest in cooperation and conflict management.