STUDI EMPIRIS MODEL GRAVITASI EKSPOR INDONESIA TAHUN 2005-2015
Abstract
Export is one of the main resources of country’s income, especially for developing countries. According to the World Bank report, total export of Indonesia in 2015 reached USD 135,076 million. In this study, the gravity model is tested to find the impact of distance and the size of host countries toward export, whether the further the distance of the host countries will reduce the remittance and whether the greater the economic size oh the host countries will increase the total export. The author used several variables, such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of home country (Indonesia), Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of host countries, the distance between Indonesia to host countries, the exchange rate of host countries, the inflation of host countries, the total of population of host countries.
Using bilateral data of 30 major countries from 2005-2015, panel data with Fixed Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) approach is selected to resolve the problem of heteroskedastisity. GDP of home country, GDP of host countries, exchange rate of host countries, inflation of host countries, total population of host countries have significant effect on the export of Indonesia. As a result, distance and GDP of host countries have negative effect on Indonesian export, whereas GDP of Indonesia has positive impact on Indonesian export. Therefore, the gravity model is relevant in the context of Indonesian export.