PEMBUATAN DAN KARAKTERISASI MEMBRAN HIBRID NANOFIBER DENGAN MATRIKS ALOE VERA/PVA DAN NANOEMULSI KITOSAN SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGISI
Abstract
Aloe vera and chitosan are the most widely studied natural polymer materials in the world today, both of which have advantages widely used in the biomedical field, one of which is applied as a wound dressing membrane. However, from the research that has been done, there is still no research on the production of wound dressing membrane from incorporation of aloe vera and chitosan nanoemulsion using electrospinning. The purpose of this research is to make a hybrid membrane of Aloe vera/PVA/chitosan nanoemulsion using electrospinning and to know the effect of Aloe vera/PVA/chitosan nanoemulsion spinning solution on morphology as well as Aloe vera/PVA/chitosan nanoemulsion membrane properties.
Aloe vera/PVA/chitosan nanoemulsion spinning solution was made through three steps: making of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) solution (10% wt), making Aloe vera/PVA (5% w/w) matrix and addition of chitosan nanoemulsion filler into Aloe vera/PVA matrix with concentrations of 0, 3, 10, and 15% (wt%). Furthermore, the hybrid membrane nanofiber Aloe vera/PVA/chitosan nanoemulsion was fabricated by electrospinning method under optimized conditions, ie at 15 kV voltage, 16.5 cm needle to collector distance (TCD) and 0.8 mm needle diameter. The viscosity of the spinning solution was measured by viscometer. Membrane morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and membrane tensile test was performed using universal testing machine (Zwick 0.5 Germany, ASTM D 882).
The results showed that the increase of chitosan nanoemulsion concentration from 0% to 15% decreased fiber diameter (366 nm - 180 nm) and affected fiber structure. The result of testing of nanofiber hybrid tensile membrane properties with the addition of 0, 3, 10, and 15% chitosan nanoemulsion concentration in Aloe vera / PVA matrix has a tensile strength value between 2.3 MPa - 5.49 MPa, strain between 127.89 - 200 , 44% and elastic modulus ranged from 6.5 to 17.91 MPa. The results of testing of tensile membrane properties of nanofiber hybrids with the addition of nano-emulsion chitosan concentration of 0, 3, 10, and 15% are potential to be used as wound dressing candidates, since they have tensile strength, strain, and elasticity modulus values included in the standard medical materials with a tensile strength value between 1 - 24 MPa, strain values (elongation) between 17-207%, and elasticity modulus value ranges from 2.9 to 54 MPa.