Rice plants can be cultivated by conventional and organic systems. Paddy field systems can influence the diversity and abundance of pests. This research was conducted to determine the influence of organic and conventional systems on diversity and abundance of pests in rice plants, as well as to obtain possible pest control strategies. The study was conducted by field survey using a purposive sampling method. To determine the diversity and abundance of pests, samples were taken in organic and conventional rice fields using sweeping net traps and yellow sticky trap. This research was conducted in five plots of each organic and conventional paddy fields. The field was located in Jayan Hamlet, Kebonagung Village, Imogiri District, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta. The results showed that the organic paddy fields improved the diversity and abundance of pests compared to conventional paddy fields. The most dominant pests were Hemiptera such as Alydidae and Delphacidae, and Diptera such as Stratiomydae.