SEKURITISASI SEKTOR NGO DI RUSIA: KEBIJAKAN PEMBUBARAN NGO ASING OLEH PEMERINTAH RUSIA TAHUN 2015 – 2018
Abstract
This undergraduate thesis examined the causes of fifteen Foreign Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) ban by Russian government from July 2015 to August 2018. The ban utilized rapid unilateral implementation of the Law on Undesirable Organisations to unconstitutionally shut down the operations of foreign NGOs which were declared as undesirable organisations by the Prosecutor General of Russia, at the order of Ministry of Justice and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation. The study of this extreme government ban hypothesizes a strong case of securitization in societal sector. The inter-related key concepts of securitization theory which was developed by Buzan, Waever & de Wilde (1998) and Balzacq (2011), conclusively identify President Putin and Alexander Tarnavsky as the primary securitizing actors. These actors actively perform speech acts to intersubjectively construct the emergence of existential threat in the form of various Western NGOs which advocate the process of westernization, liberalization and democratization in Russia. These NGOs are accused as the Western agents that endanger the preservation of rossiiskii as a distinctive contemporary national identity which is revered as referent object by the Russian people. Thus, by this reasoning, Putin regime claims that extraordinary measures beyond legal procedures must be conducted to counter this Western threat, in the form of urgent government ban on fifteen Western NGOs.