PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN ETANOL PADA LARUTAN PVA TERHADAP MORFOLOGI DAN SIFAT TARIK MEMBRAN NANOFIBER PVA-ALOE VERA
Abstract
Aloe vera is a natural polymer that has the potential to be developed as a
composite material for applications in the biomedical field because it has
properties including antibacterial, non-toxic and biodegradable. Research on the
addition of ethanol to spinning solutions has been reported to improve the surface
morphology of the resulting membrane because it decreases the surface tension of
the spinning solution. However, this research still needs to be done
comprehensively. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the
addition of ethanol in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solutions to the morphology and
tensile properties of the PVA / Aloe vera nanofiber membrane (AV).
This research was initiated by making a PVA solution with a concentration of
8% (w / w). Then ethanol (ET) is added to the PVA solution at a concentration of
10% (w / w). Furthermore, the spinning solution consisting of PVA-AV and
(PVA-ET) -AV each with a concentration of 5% (w / w) Aloe vera is made
through two stages, namely heating (70 oC) for 1 hour and without heating for 2
hours. The four spinning solutions are then fabricated using an electrospinning
machine with a 15 kV DC high voltage process parameter, the needle tip distance
to the collector plate 16,5 cm and the needle diameter of 0,6 mm. Tests carried out
are measuring the viscosity and surface tension of the spinning solution
respectively with Viscometer (Brookfield DV-II + Pro) and Tensiometer (Kruss).
The nanofiber membrane tensile test which refers to ASTM D882 was performed
using a Universal Testing Machine (Zwick 0,5 Germany), and the surface
morphology of the membrane was characterized by scanning electron microscope
(Hitachi, SU-3500).
The results showed that the addition of ethanol to the spinning solution
decreased the surface tension, increased the viscosity of the spinning solution, and
the surface morphology of the membrane showed a homogeneous size distribution
of nanofibers and cross-links. Mechanical tests show that the tensile stress
increases with the addition of ethanol, from 7,26 MPa to 9,15 MPa in the heating
solution and from 8,43 MPa to 9,18 MPa in the non-heating solution. Increased
modulus of elasticity also occurred from 62,79 MPa to 138,49 MPa in a solution
with heating and 125,17 MPa to 182,41 MPa in a solution without heating. The
modulus value is higher than the standard range of native skin elastic modulus
(4,6 - 20 MPa), and heating in the solution has the possibility of changes in the
substances contained in aloe vera, so that further research is needed.