The quest for the objectives and characteristics of Islamic accounting has become a major concern among Islamic accounting writers. However, Islamic accounting theory has not been tested under different cultural contexts. This research, therefore, aims to mextend previous research by exploring the consensus among Indonesian Muslim accounting academicians in Yogyakarta on the objectives and characteristics of Islamic accounting, ascertaining the extent to which conventional accounting is perceived as appropriate by Indonesian Muslim accounting academicians, and assessing whether there are any different perceptions on the objectives and characteristics of Islamic accounting between accounting academicians in Islamic institutions and those in conventional institutions. Based on the statistical tests applied in this research, it is found that the Muslim accounting academicians in Yogyakarta have a strong consensus on some principles which can be used later as a basis for developing Islamic accounting. The probiems unat might be encountered in the further development of Islamic accounting are the different perceptions on the appropriateness of using conventional accounting to attain the Islamic objectives. However, it is found that the difference is related to the different degree of efforts made by the institutions to promote Islamic values.