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      KRITIK ATAS PENAFSIRAN ABDUL MOQSITH GHAZALI TENTANG KESELAMATAN NON-MUSLIM

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      Artikel Asep Setiawan - Kritik atas Penafsiran Abdul Moqsith Ghazali tentang Keselamatan Non-Muslim (484.2Kb)
      Date
      2016-11
      Author
      SETIAWAN, ASEP
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      Abstract
      This article discusses the interpretation of Abdul Moqsith Ghazali to alBaqarah [2]: 62 and al-Maidah [5]: 69, on the salvation of non-Muslim community according to religious pluralism. He used three methods of interpretation, which are tafsîr maud}û’i, us}ûl al-fiqh, and hermeneutics. He said that the combination of them will produce a full understanding. Even so, the results are not as expected. Moqsith interprets the verses that seemed to support the idea of pluralism textually, until reject the interpretation of mufassirîn. He concludes that two verses above, do not explain about the obligation of Jews, Christians, and Shabiah in order to believe in Prophet Muhammad, but only explain about the obligation to believe in Allah and the Last Day, and do good deeds as defined in their holy books. Thus, according to him, the Qur’an does not only recognize religious teachings and people of other religions, however, they will be saved by God as far as they practice their religion. It is clear that the results of the interpretation of Moqsith very contradictory and not in accordance with interpretations of the Muslim scholars. Because of Moqsith’s weakness in method of interpretation, so create a partial understanding that the Qur’an legalizes religious pluralism. On the contrary, it is clear that the majority of mufassirûn did not argue that way. Makalah ini berusaha untuk mengetengahkan penafsiran Abdul Moqsith Ghazali terhadap QS. al-Baqarah [2] ayat 62 dan QS. al-Maidah [5] ayat 69, tentang keselamatan non-Muslim sebagai legitimasi dari paham pluralisme agama. Dalam menafsirkan keduanya, ia menggunakan tiga metode penafsiran, yaitu tafsîr maud}û’i, us}ûl al-fiqh, dan hermeneutika. Menurutnya, perpaduan antara ketiga metode ini, akan menghasilkan pemahaman yang utuh. Akan tetapi sebenarnya hasilnya tidak demikian. Moqsith begitu tekstual dalam memahami ayat-ayat yang menurutnya mendukung gagasan pluralisme agama, sampai-sampai menolak penafsiran para ulama tafsir. Ia berkesimpulan kedua ayat di atas, tidak menerangkan tentang kewajiban orang Yahudi, Nasrani, dan orang-orang Shabiah supaya beriman kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW, namun hanya menerangkan tentang kewajiban untuk beriman kepada Allah, Hari Akhir, dan perintah beramal saleh sebagaimana yang ditetapkan dalam kitab suci mereka masing-masing. Sehingga, menurut Moqsith, al-Qur’an tidak hanya mengakui ajaran agama dan umat agama lain, namun, mereka juga akan diselamatkan Allah sejauh mereka menjalankan agama mereka. Jelas bahwa hasil penafsiran dari Moqsith sangat bertentangan dan tidak sesuai dengan penafsiran-penafsiran dari para ulama tafsir. Hal itu disebabkan karena kelemahan metode tafsir yang digunakan oleh Moqsith tersebut, maka lahirlah pemahaman yang parsial dan atomistik, yakni seakan al-Qur’an melegalkan paham pluralisme agama. Padahal jelas bahwa mayoritas ulama tafsir terdahulu tidak menyatakan demikian.
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      http://repository.umy.ac.id/handle/123456789/12001
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