PENGARUH PERSENTASE KATALIS CaO-ZEOLIT ALAM PADA PIROLISIS CAMPURAN CANGKANG SAWIT DAN PLASTIK TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK DAN KIMIA PYROLYTIC OIL
Abstract
Fossil fuels are non-renewable energy resources. Dependence on non-renewable energy resources must be minimized, because sooner or later the energy source will be depleted and can run out. As an effort to overcome the energy crisis, research into the manufacture of fuel oil by pyrolysis method was carried out. Pyrolysis is the chemical decomposition of organic and anorganic materials through a heating process without oxygen. In general, the pyrolysis process will produce liquid products (pyrolytic-oil), charcoal (char), gas and wax. This study aims to determine the effect of catalyst percentage (Calcium Oxide or CaO + natural zeolite) on pyrolysis of a mixture of palm shell and plastic shells on the physical and chemical properties of pyrolytic-oil.
The raw materials used were palm kernel shells and plastic type LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene) as much as 600 grams by 50:50 mixing method of the two raw materials, which then additional with catalyst in many variations (CaO + natural zeolite) with a percentage of 0% wt, 25 wt%, 50% wt, 75% wt, and 100% wt. Further testing was also carried out to pyrolyze each raw material by adding CaO and natural zeolite catalysts separately by 75% wt. The mixture of palm shell and plastic by adding the percentage of the catalyst was pyrolyzed in a fixed bed type reactor and then heated at a temperature of 500ºC.
The liquid product from the pyrolysis process was tested for samples which resulted in the lowest density of pyrolysis mixture of palm shell and palm with catalyst (CaO + natural zeolite) 75% at 836,70 kg/m³. Testing the pH value shows that the more the percentage of the catalyst, the better to reduce the acid content. Viscosity testing obtained the highest and lowest values of 4.85 cP and 1,3 cP respectively. Testing of high heating value (HHV) obtained a value of 44,503 MJ / kg on the pyrolysis of a mixture of palm shells and plastic with a catalyst (CaO + natural zeolite) 75%, while the identification of chemical compounds showed that the use of catalysts affects the formation of alkane compounds through decarboxylation reactions which can increase the hydrocarbon content in pyrolytic-oil.