This study aims to determine the effect of the Human Development Index (HDI), economic growth, unemployment and inflation in Riau province in 2012-2017. The data used was obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), as well as other sources that supported the preparation of this study. The method used in this study is to use panel data regression methods with software help Eviews 8. Panel data is a combination of time series data in the form of a time sequence that is used in the years 2012-2017 and cross section data in the form of a latitude sequence in the form of 12 districts / City in Riau Province. The most appropriate model in using panel data is the fixed effect model. The results of this study indicate that the variable Human Development Index (HDI) has a negative and significant effect on District / City Poverty in Riau Province in 2012-2017, while the Economic Growth variable has a negative and not significant effect on Poverty in Districts / Cities in Riau Province in 2012- 2017, the Unemployment variable has a significant positive relationship to Poverty in Riau Province in 2012-2017, while the Inflation variable has a positive and significant effect on Poverty in Districts / Cities in Riau Province in 2012-2017