DETERMINAN JUMLAH KUNJUNGAN WISATAWAN MANCANEGARA KE INDONESIA TAHUN 2009-2016: PENDEKATAN MODEL GRAVITASI
Abstract
This study aims to examine the relationship between number of foreign
tourist visits and size of the country using the gravity model. Whether the large
size of the economy will increase the number of foreign tourist visits and whether
the distance between Indonesia and the foreign tourist country will reduce the
number of foreign tourism. There are several variables used in this study, such as
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita Indonesia, Gross Domestic Product
(GDP) per capita of the foreign tourist country, distance between Indonesia and
foreign tourist country, exchange rate of the foreign tourist country, and
population of the foreign tourist country. The observation in this study includes
the eight largest tourism countries to Indonesia from 2009 to 2016. This study
using panel data with random effect model. The result show that, per capita GDP
of both Indonesia and foreign tourist country, distance, exchange rate, and
population is positive and significant affect on the number of foreign tourist visits
to Indonesia. Meanwhile, GDP per capita of both Indonesia and foreign country
have positive and significant effect. Apparently, distance seems to have a negative
effect for the number foreign tourist to Indonesia. Positive sign in both GDP and a
negative sign in distance are implying that the gravity model is empirically
relevant with the number of foreign tourist visits to Indonesia case