PREVALENSI KELAINAN GIGI HIPODONSIA, PARAMOLAR, MAKRODONSIA DAN MIKRODONSIA PADA PASIEN ANAK DI RSGM UMY DAN JEJARINGNYA
Abstract
Background. Dental anomaly is a deviation from the normal form of the teeth due to a disruption in the growth and development stage. Abnormalities in growth and development of teeth can caused by genetic factors and environmental factors. Hypodontia is a dental anomaly in the form of loss of one or more teeth in a congenitally. Paramolar is extra teeth that located in the buccal, lingual, or palatal side of the molar teeth. Macrodontia is a tooth that is larger than normal, while microdontia is abnormally small tooth and the crown is short.
Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypodontia, paramolar, macrodontia, and microdontia dental abnormalities in pediatric patients at the Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut (RSGM UMY) and its network (TK Qatrunnada, TK Budi Mulia Dua Taman Siswa, dan SD Muhammadiyah Sapen Pusat).
Methods. This study uses an observational descriptive method with cross sectional study design. The population and sample that this study used is the medical record of pediatric patients aged 0-18 years old in RSGM UMY from 2013 to 2018 and the networks of RSGM UMY from 2017 to 2018 with a total sample 10.714. Data analysis used in this study is descriptive analysis in the form of frequency distribution.
Results. This study indicate that the prevalence of dental anomaly in pediatric patients aged 0-18 years old at RSGM UMY and its network 0.075%. Hypodontia was the most common type of dental anomaly, which is 0.056%. The second largest dental anomaly was microdontia 0.018%, while paramolar and macrodontia were not found in this study.
Conclusion. Based on the results, the overall prevalence of these dental anomalies in pediatric patients at RSGM UMY and its network was low.