THE ADVOCACY OF 4OCEAN FOR ADDRESSING THE PLASTIC DUMPS ISSUES IN BALI, INDONESIA (2017-2019)
Abstract
This research discusses 4Ocean's transnational advocacy tactics in tackling the issue of plastic dumps that occurs in the Bali’s ocean and coastlines, Indonesia. The findings of this study are aimed to find out the significance of the tactics used in relation to the success of transnational advocacy networks in international relations and 4Ocean's political processes in influencing the behavior of the community and local government regarding the prevention of the problem of plastic dumps in Bali’s coastal area. To establish a transnational advocacy network, 4Ocean carried out several political processes to the local government regarding the issue of plastic waste in the Bali’s ocean and coatlines. First, 4Ocean started the process by formulating the issue of plastic waste that occurred in the seas and waters of the island of Bali and created various project activities to overcome the problem. Second, 4Ocean organized an advocacy network by creating a program of activities and strategies to tackle the issue of plastic waste in the oceans and waters. Third, 4Ocean established transnational relations with many institutions both from local and international parties, governmental and non-governmental. This transnational relationship is carried out to gain power in influencing local communities and policies. Meanwhile, to analyze the transnational advocacy network, this study uses the concepts of Keck and Sikkink which are equipped with four political activities, namely informational politics, symbolic politics, leverage politics and accountability politics.