PENCAPAIAN AFFIRMATIVE ACTION KUOTA 30% PEREMPUAN OLEH PARTAI POLITIK UNTUK MENDUKUNG KETERPILIHAN CALEG PEREMPUAN DI DPRD DIY PADA PEMILU 2014
Abstract
The achievement of affirmative action by political parties in the legislative candidate nomination (especially female candidates) at the election, so far, is considered as an important mechanism, because political parties are the only one “formal political vehicle” that can deliver someone to enter the representative institutions. This research has found that in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY), in 2014 Election of Regional House of Representative (DPRD DIY), all election participant political parties has implemented affirmative action of 30% female quota. It proved that the research data result showing the average percentage of women candidate nomination reach an average 40%.
Regarding the efforts of political parties to support the electability of female candidates in the DIY DPRD in the 2014 election, they have not shown optimal seriousness, only being administrative in nature because they do not fulfill the substantive elements of the regulation. Zipper system, not implemented substantially. More female candidates are placed in the final sequence of multiples of three and not vice versa. While the placement of female candidates in strategic electoral districts has not been implemented by political parties. This is because there is a conflict of interest between female legislative candidates and political party officials who are mostly men and also run for legislative candidates.
This research finds that the theory that gender quotas and placement mandates is only relevant if applied in a country with a closed list proportional electoral system and will not have a positive effect if applied in countries with an open electoral system like in Indonesia, it turns out not entirely true. Although the electoral system in Indonesia is an open list proportional system, but for the DIY context, it shows that the sequence number turns out to still play an important role in relation to the chances of electing a candidate in the election. This is evidenced by data that 74.6% or 41 people from 55 elected members of the DIY DPRD in the 2014 election were in number 1 and 2, and only 25.4% were in the position number more than 2.