In the implementation of Indonesia national health insurance (NHI), utilization is determined from the level of participants' visits to health service facilities. Dental visits have a variation in the time of treatment, thus affecting the volume of patients who can be treated in a day. The dentist's treatment time will affect the dentist's utilization in primary care. This study aim is to discover the time depiction of dental services based on the highest treatment at the Primary dental ClinicThis is an observational descriptive study with a cross-sectional study design. The subjects in this study were all dentists who worked at the Firdaus Primary clinic Yogyakarta. The sampling used purposive sampling technique to collect 120 NHI participant and 120 the private patient who has visited the dental clinic. The training was given to 2 surveyors/observers who worked as dental nurses in the Firdaus Primary Clinic Yogyakarta. A kappa test was conducted to determine the level of agreement of 2 observers in assessing.There are 30 highest dental treatment were performed by 3 different dentist at Firdaus primary clinic. The average time of dental treatment procedure for private patients takes a little longer than the dental treatment time for NHI participants. The common treatment is premedication or consultation with an average time of treatment is 8 minutes 30 seconds and 7 minutes 47 seconds and whereas for the filling treatment using composite resin material requires an average time of 36 minutes and 10 minutes 38 seconds. The mean time of the dental treatment performed by a dentist was influenced by the complexity of the case, and dentist competency